Environmental Issues

Thesis statement the developing nations should not be allowed to purchase the right of producing excess green house gases from the developing nations.
Introduction

The impact of industrialization on the two major global environmental phenomena that is climate change and global warming. 

Debate emanating from increased emission of green house gases by the developed nations. The debate is mainly focused on whether the developed nations should be allowed to purchase emission rights from the developing nations so that they can be allowed to produce more of the green house gases.

Arguments against buying of carbon rights
Opposing arguments in the debate of allowing the developed nations to purchase the rights of purchasing the rights of producing the green house gases from the nations that produce less of these gases.

These arguments are mainly based on the premise of increased emission of green house gases should the developed nations be allowed to compensate the developing nations.

Arguments for buying of carbon rights

These are arguments supporting the purchasing of the green house gases emission rights by the developed nations from the developing ones.

These arguments mainly derive their strength from the enhanced capacity of the developing nations to deal with the impacts of global warming and climate change using the funds obtained from the compensation.

a) This work concludes by appreciating the strengths and weaknesses of either side of the debate but concludes that the developed nations should not be allowed to purchase the rights of emitting green house gases from the poor developing nations. 

Introduction
Increased industrialization has resulted to massive production of green houses gases, which have greatly contributed to one of the greatest phenomena that have been witnessed in worlds history. Climate change and global warming phenomena have both resulted from increased introduction of green house gases into the atmosphere mainly by the developed world. This has resulted into a heated debate of whether or not the countries producing excess green house gases should compensate those that are producing less of these gases. In this debate there are some who are arguing that it is not in order for these nations to compensate the less developed nations that are producing less green house gases .They argue that much efforts should not be aimed at compensating these nations but to actually reduce the amount of green house gases they are producing. On the other hand, there are those people who feel that maximum limits of green house gases should be established and therefore no country should be allowed to produce beyond this particular limit. However, if a country wishes to surpass the limit then it should look for a country that is under producing green house gases so that it can purchase the right to produce these gases on behalf of the country. Bearing in mind the menace that has been brought about by global warming and climate change, as well as the potential effects in future, the world policy makers should work towards reducing the total amount of green house gases that is produced and thus a limit should be set and no country should be allowed to purchase the right of another country (Flatt, 2009).

Arguments against buying of carbon rights
Up to date, there is virtually no single part of the world that has not suffered due to the effects of climate change and global warming. It does not matter the amount of money nations around the world are going to spend in order to deal with the effects of these two global phenomena, the world will continue suffering as long as the production of green house gases is not regulated. Establishing a limit for the production of green house gases, is basically the only way that can result into positive results in the fight against climate change and global warming. If the developed countries are allowed to purchase the rights of producing these gases from the poor developing nations then more of these gases will still be introduced into the atmosphere and hence the fight against the effects of these two phenomena will be far from being over (Mcelroy, 2001).

If the poor developing nations will be compensated by the wealthy developed nations and thus allow them to produce the amount of carbon which they themselves failed to produce, then they will in essence be subjecting them selves to the detrimental effects resulting from climate change. This means that despite the fact that they will have contributed to a very small extent to these global phenomena, they will suffer most from them. It is quite evident that the poor developing nations that produce less green house gases will suffer most from the effects of both climate change and global warming since they lack the capacity of addressing the challenges resulting from these phenomena. Furthermore, the limited funds in form of compensation from the developed nations are not sufficient to fully address the challenges posed by these major phenomena. Therefore, as long as the developing nations are concerned, it is much more cost effective for them not to be compensated by these nations and hence allow them to produce more of these gases than to allow these nations to produce more of the green house gases and then suffer the effects of climate change and global warming (Torres, 2008).

The effects of both climate change and global warming are enormous and take place in the long term. It is also not easy to determine the actual financial loss or any other forms of losses that result from these two phenomena. This therefore implies that the countries compensating others so that they can be granted the right of producing more of the green house gases will in most cases under compensate them. There is therefore no need for the countries that are producing less of these gases to be compensated since the compensation will be highly undervalued. They will therefore incur much loss as a result of the compensation compared to the one they are likely to suffer in absence of massive production of green house gases. The worlds policy makers should hence be more focused on reducing the overall production and introduction of the green house gases into the atmosphere. Such a move will greatly spare the entire globe from the great negative impacts that will result due to continued emission of these gases (Latham, 2009).

Climate change and global warming have resulted to very extreme weather conditions such as excessive rainfall resulting into floods, tropical cyclones, heat waves, droughts and eddy currents. Some of the weather conditions have resulted into the destruction of property as well as loss of lives and livestock. Infrastructure which is crucial to the development of any nation around the world has also been greatly destroyed by some of these extreme weather conditions especially excess rainfall and other forms of precipitation. By the world policy makers allowing countries to produce excess amounts of green house gases and later compensate those that produced less, will basically imply that these devastating effects will continue occurring every now and then. As a result, economic development around the world will be greatly hampered since a lot of resources will be employed towards curbing the effects of climate change and global warming as opposed to the employment of such resources to areas they can foster economic development (Glickman et al, 2003).

It has been predicted by climate scientists from allover the world that in future some parts of the world might experience conflicts emanating from climate change and global warming. Due to the phenomenon of global warming, the water that previously has existed in the solid state will melt and find its way into the oceans. This will result into a rise in the sea level, thus displacing millions of people living around the global oceans. The displaced population which will be condemned into refugee status by the rising water levels will be forced to move upland into already inhabited regions thus creating some conflicts. In order to avoid such conflicts in future, the world policy makers should ensure that less green house gases is produced by both the developing nations as well as the developed ones. However, if the countries that are highly industrialized are allowed to produce excess green house gases then such conflicts will be inevitable (Mcelroy, 2001). 

It is in no doubt that the current generation owes moral obligation to the future generations and hence it should not carry out its activities in unsustainable manner. The current generation should thus emit less of these gases that are bringing about a lot of havoc in the world and which are in fact expected to bring about even more devastating effects in the future. By allowing the current generation to produce excess green house gases and thus jeopardize the fate of future generations is morally unethical. The nations that are therefore producing excess gases should hence not be allowed to surpass their limit of green house gases production so that the future generations can get the chance of living in an environment that is less polluted and also suffer less from the effects of climate change and global warming (Flatt, 2009). 

Arguments for buying of carbon rights
If the nations that are producing excess green house gases are given a chance of compensating those countries that are producing less of these gases, then these nations will have additional resources for combating the effects of the two devastating phenomena. Funds obtained as compensation can be used directly in addressing the major problems resulting from both climate change and global warming. Due to global warming and climate change, a lot of destruction usually takes place at times and therefore these funds can be of great assistance to the nations with less capacity in dealing comprehensively with the effects emanating from these two great challenges. This therefore means that these nations will be at a better position of preventing massive loss of property and lives that are usually brought about by these two phenomena. There is therefore need to allow these nations to be compensated by the ones that are producing more of the green house gases (Torres, 2008). 

One of the major ways through which the effects of global warming and climate change can be addressed by the developing nations that are producing less green house gases is by creating more carbon sink. Carbon dioxide is the main green house gas that is introduced into the atmosphere. Its proportion in the atmosphere can however be reduced by creating a carbon sink. This can be done by planting as many trees as possible together with other green plants that utilize the carbon dioxide gas in the process of photosynthesis. However, the exercise of creating a carbon sink in a country requires a lot of political will from the government since a lot of resources are required. Most of the developing nations that produce less of these gases lack the funds required to create an adequate carbon sink in their nations. Therefore, if the developed nations are given the opportunity of compensating these nations, then they can use such funds in creating a carbon sink that can be very essential in mitigating the impacts of both climate change and global warming. This is so because there are no physical boundaries for the green house gases and thus they can be produced in one region and sunk in another (Flatt, 2009). 

It is widely argued by various scientists that the effects of global warming and climate change can only be dealt best through adaptation to the resulting changes. This requires that governments allover the world implement policies that will enable their populations to adapt in fast to these changes. It is however not easy for governments in the developing world to facilitate their populations in the process of adaptation since it requires huge amounts of funds. It would therefore be very appropriate for the worlds policy makers to allow the wealthy more developed nations to compensate the poor developing nations for the excess green house gases they have produced that ought to have been produced by the developing nations. In turn, the developing nations can use such funds in assisting their populations to adapt to the changes resulting from climate change and global warming (Mcelroy, 2001). 

From the above discussion it is quite clear that both climate change and global warming are responsible for bringing about a lot of devastating effects across the world. A solution therefore needs to be looked for urgently so that the world can be spared from these impacts that have brought about massive losses of property and lives. The best way of dealing with climate change and global warming is by reducing the gases that are produced globally. This cannot be achieved through compensating the developing nations that are producing less of these gases and therefore any such move will not be of much help in dealing with the problem at hand. Instead of compelling the developed nations to compensate the less developed ones, policies should be made and implemented that are aimed at ensuring that these nations cut down on their emissions of green house gases. Such a move will greatly help in saving the entire world from the devastating effects of the two phenomena the world will also be compelled to look for new energy sources apart from the fossil fuels which will ensure that developments are carried out in a sustainable manner.