Environmental Issues

Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) is a basic living need for every human being. To meet this prevailing human essentiality, an organization was constituted in the name of World Health Organization (WHO) for the overall measurement of environmental health and safety. As WHO cannot delve the EHS requirements for the entire community living around the world, therefore, every country has established a City Council to implement EHS policies to facilitate the communities.

Question 1
Community Health Consequences by Nightclub
Nightclubs are well known party-places for people usually above the legal drinking age. Apart from serving alcoholic drinks, these night clubs play very high pressured volume of music and are quite often recognized by the Disco-Jockeys (DJs) playing music at those places. Furthermore, parties, events and get-togethers, involve a number of people attending thus incurring more costs of lighting, sound systems etc. which are hazardous for the people. (World Health Organization, 1999)
Opening of new night-clubs in a residential area can have negative consequences for the people residing in those areas. Apart from simple forms of issues like interference in communication and infuriation of residents, more severe issues like sleeping-disorders or hearing problems can occur especially since these night-clubs operate well into the night past most peoples sleeping time. (World Health Organization, 1999)

Recommended Constraints for Nightclub
In the light of first principle of WHO Constitution, the City Council must restrain the prospective owners of nightclubs with regard to operating hours (nightclub opening and closing timings), frequency and content of sound (level of loudness), types of noise (classic, medium, indoor, party) and influence of ambient noise level (limit of noise for surrounding areas). (World Health Organization, 1999)

The time restriction is necessary since noise from the nightclubs disturb the sleep of many people as nightclubs operate till very late night. Apart from this the restriction on frequency and content of sound is necessary in order to keep the disturbance from noise to people outside the nightclubs to a minimum. Although playing songs loudly are a way to market and attract the people, the volume level must be specified by the governmental agencies to allow the residents in meeting their sleeping needs and not get disturbed by the wide-ranged sound (World Health Organization, 1999).

Question 2
Radon Gas Radiation and Its Health Effects
Radon is a cancer-causing natural radioactive gas and it cannot be seen, smelled or tasted. It has been the second most reported main reason for the disease of lung cancer in the US which has caused 20,000 human deaths yearly. As the radon gas cannot be seen, smelled or tasted, therefore, it gets into the lungs of human being during breathing and gradually acts as the basis of lung-cancer which can finally lead to death (EPA, 2010).

Human Health Risks in Presence of Radon Gas
In the radon-effected home environment, radon gas can disintegrate into radioactive particles which can get into lungs while breathing. When these particles further split into pieces, tiny pieces of energy are released from these elements which could harm lungs and can become the cause of lungs-cancer for the rest of a persons life. Many people suffering from high radon faces lungs-cancer but not everyone because it may take many years to overcome to a final state. This type of disease is very dangerous for smokers especially since the combination of smoking with radon gas finally ends up to a human death. The affect of radon gas effectively works on children but the high risks are too involved for the adults as well (EPA, 2010).

Remediation Measures for the Reduction of Radon Gas
There are many identified ways for reducing radon from home but the most commonly used is the piped vent technique using fan which throws radon out from deep down of home and expel it out. The systemic procedure is known as the radon reduction soil suction which does not need any renovation of home. Opening of some parts of home helps the system performs better. Restructuring of ceiling may also be helpful in the reduction of radon. Thus, many ways are implemented but the right system depends upon the factors of construction and structure of home. It also depends upon the level of radon present in home.  One must consult with state radon office for better evaluation and pricing for the renovation of home in order to reduce life threatening risks from home. (EPA, 2010)